Can Absolute Harmony Be Achieved In Malaysia?
The issue of national harmony in Malaysia remains a crucial and ongoing concern, drawing attention from various sectors, including the highest authorities. In his royal address at the opening of the first meeting of the Third Session of the 15th Parliament on February 26th, His Majesty Sultan Ibrahim called for the government to formulate policies that strengthen national unity and harmony. His Majesty highlighted that even after more than 60 years since Malaysia’s formation, relationships between different races have not reached the desired level of unity.
His Majesty’s message underscores the persistent nature of the harmony issues, emphasizing that it requires continuous discussion and effort. The real challenge lies in managing wisely the differences among various groups living together, aiming to create unity in diversity. Malaysia serves as an exemplary testing ground for this effort, due to the fact that it houses major world religions and civilizations such as Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, and Hinduism. These great civilizations which are rich in traditions have a lot share especially in giving solutions to the common problems in this country.
Historically, except for a major racial conflict in 1969, Malaysia has managed to maintain a certain level of harmony. However, as highlighted by His Majesty, much work remains to be done to improve relationships between different ethnic and religious groups. Despite the general perception of peace and harmony, some argue that true harmony has not been achieved due to the failure to unify different groups. Tensions, although stable, persist beneath the surface.
Distinguished Prof. Shamsul Amri Baharuddin describes the situation using three terms: unity, cohesion, and reconciliation. Unity is the ideal, often used as a slogan but far from being achieved. Currently, what Malaysia has achieved is cohesion among different races, and reconciliation is an ongoing process.
Factors Delaying Harmony
Several factors contribute to the delay in achieving true harmony. Economic disparities between ethnic groups can foster feelings of inequality and injustice. Certain groups may feel marginalized or disadvantaged in terms of economic opportunities and ultimately causes social jealousy.
Politically, parties and movements often align along ethnic lines continuously reinforce divisions. Politicians may use ethnic sentiments to gain support, which can exacerbate tensions. While political manipulation of racial issues can ignite hateful sentiments.
In terms of religion, narrow religious interpretation hinders effective communication and interaction between different groups. Differences in religious practices and beliefs can sometimes lead to misunderstandings or conflicts, particularly if there is a lack of respect or awareness.
Underlying all the above factors, extremism, so far, is the greatest enemy of harmony, gradually eroding relationships at every societal level and aspects of human endeavour. Initiated by a few, extremism can slowly influence especially the uneducated masses, potentially becoming a divisive and destructive pandemic.
To counter extremism, the virtues promoted by different religions and civilizations, such as moderation, love, tolerance, and understanding, must be rigorously disseminated, shared, and taught. It can be done through the formal educational system or informal and non-formal activities within social and family surroundings. These virtues are in line with the six principles of the current government policy of Malaysia MADANI: sustainability, prosperity, innovation, respect, trust, and compassion.
Policy and Guideline
A proper guideline is essential to ensure that harmony remains strong in Malaysia. The highest guiding document is the Federal Constitution, which includes laws that govern harmony. If upheld by all citizens, these laws can prevent chaos and disharmony. Another important document is the Rukunegara, created after the conflict in 1969. Although not as binding as the Constitution, the Rukunegara has played a significant role in guiding Malaysians in upholding fundamental principles, whether religious, ethical, or constitutional.
Recognizing the ongoing issues surrounding harmony and reflecting the King’s concerns, the Institute of Islamic Understanding Malaysia (IKIM) is developing the Harmony Charter (Piagam Harmony). Initiated by the late Tun Ahmad Sarji, the first and third Chairman of IKIM, the Charter outlines basic values, principles, and guidelines that members of society must follow. The draft has undergone seven focused group discussions to gather feedback and has been well-received by all the respondents. The Charter aims at complementing the Constitution and the Rukunegara. With the anticipated launch of the Harmony Charter this year, it is hoped that it will become another vital document guiding Malaysians in maintaining harmony.
It is clear that in assessing the level of harmony achieved in this country, it involves more than just the absence of conflict; it requires a pro-active measure where people can really live peaceful, agreeable, and where things seem right together. Just like a harmonious musical ensemble composed of different instruments, a harmonious society reflects the successful integration of diverse people who are agreeable to one another. Achieving such a level of harmony is challenging but essential for the country’s unity and progress.
